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I have an instrament that has a bowl back and 10 strings that are nilon and it's called an OUD
I'll post a pic if you wish---
All the tiples I've known have been high tension steel string instruments, with ten strings in four courses.
Charango is more like what you describe, with ten nylon strings - in five courses, if memory serves.
Check out the charango ninja on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWKkacSgxlg
If you are sure it's NOT a 10-string uke a picture would help to identify the item.
It's certainly not a Vihuela. The Renaissance Vihuela had 6 courses (most probably a 12 stringer), the Mexican Vihuela which is a completely different animal has 5 strings.
There existed baroque guitars with 5 courses (ten strings, and also 9 strings but 10 tuner holes) which fell into the scale range you mention.
The charango which mentioned Frank might be the one you are talking of; it's probably the most popular 10-nylonstringer of today. It comes in a huge variety of scale lengths, body shapes, construction methods and tunings. There even exist 4 course / 8 strings, 5 course / 6 strings and 5 course 20 strings - charangos. And everything in between. The 20 stringer (and some other charangos such as the armadillo ones too) have light gouge metal strings though (all the same gouge!)
The most common charango scale length is 370 mm but it ranges from about 230 mm up to more than 500 mm. (Sorry about the metrics - divide millimetres by 25.4 and you'll get inches).
There are not only wooden bowl shaped and armadillo charangos but also those with guitar-like boxes which best could be described as as 10-string uke (the latter ones most common in Perú), while the former ones are more common in Bolivia).
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